DNA From the Beginning (Part 2)

Go to http://www.dnaftb.org/ and click on "Molecules of Genetics" . For each chapter, read the introduction and animation of the chapter.

See also: DNA From the Beginning (Part 1)

Chapter 15: DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus

a) Where did Meischer collect his samples from ? ___________________________________

b) How did he get the nuclei out of the cells? ______________________________________
c) What are the two types of nucleic acids? ________________________________________
d) Proteins are made of subunits called ____________________________________________
e) Why were proteins considered a good candidate for being the molcule of heredity?_________________________________________________________

Chapter 16: One Gene Makes One Protein

a) The disorder, Alkaptonuria causes what phenotype of urine? _______________________
b) Beadle and Tatum did genetic experiments on what organism? ________________________________
c) If you mutate a strain of neospora, you can cause it to do what? __________________________________

Chapter 17: A Gene is Made of DNA

strainsa) According to the "transforming principle", harmless bacteria can become _______________________________
b) Avery did his experiments on what organisms? ______________________________________
c) Describe the R and S strains: ________________________________________________________
d) Which strain has a capsule? ____________________ Which strain will make a mouse sick? __________
e) What happened when he added heat killed S strain to live R strain and then injected the mix into a mouse? _____________

Chapter 18: Bacteria and Viruses Have DNA Too

a) What happens during bacterial conjugation? __________________________________________
b) E. coli uses __________________________ to convert precurser molcules into essential nutrients.
c) Mutated E. coli were unable to do what? ___________________________________________________ (can skip rest of chapter)

Chapter 19: The DNA Molecule Is Shaped Like a Twisted Ladder

a) X ray crystallography showed that DNA was what shape? ________________________________
b) What are the four bases found in DNA? _______________________________________
c) What is "Chargaff's rule"? __________________________________________
d) What two scientists developed the diffraction patterns of DNA? ___________________________________

Chapter 22: DNA words are Three Letters Long

a) The three letter code of DNA can produce how many words? ___________
b) Three nucleotides from a ________________, which specifies one __________________
c) What was used to destroy E. coli's DNA? ________________________
d) A sequence of 3 uracils (UUU) codes for what amino acid? __________________________
e) Poly C made ________________________; Poly A made __________________________________
f) Use the codon chart on the animation to determine the amino acids for: CGA ______ ; GUU ________ (abbreviate)]
g) What is the shape of tRNA? ______________________________________
h) One side of the tRNA contains the _____________ - codon, the other side carries the ______________________
i) Within the nucleus, DNA is transcribed into a complimentary ____________, which carries the message to the ___________________
j) The codon AUG signals the start of ______________________________________
k) Amino acids are assembled unto the _______________________________ is encountered. '
l) At this time, a complete ___________________ chain is released.