1. Birds are reptile like animals that maintain a constant __________ body temperature.
2. They have an outer covering of ______________________; two legs that are
covered with __________________________ and are used for walking or perching;
and front limbs modified into _____________________________.
3. The single most important characteristic that separates birds from living
reptiles is _______________.
4. The two main types of feathers are __________________ and _____________________.
5. Contour feathers provide _________________________________________.
6. Down feathers provide _____________________________.
7. Label the feather (Fig 31-11)
8. Paleontologists agree that birds evolved from ___________________________.
9. Archaeopteryx was the first birdlike ____________________________ found.
10. The Archaeopteryx had ___________________ in its beak, a ________________
tail, and toes and claws on its _____________________.
11. The four main adaptations that allow birds to fly are
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________________________
12. Animals that can generate their own heat are called __________________________.
13. Any body heat lost by the bird must be regained by __________________________
food.
14. Birds' _______________ or bills are adapted to the type of _______________
they eat.
15. You can tell a good deal about a bird's feeding habits from its __________________.
16. Birds lack _____________________________________________.
17. List in order the digestive tract of the bird (see figure 31-14)
Mouth -->________________________ --> ___________________________ -->first
chamber of the stomach -->________________________ --> small intestine
-->_____________________ -->cloaca
18. When a bird inhales, most air first enters large posterior ____________________
________________ in the body cavity and bones.
19. Air flows into the air sacs and out through the lungs in a ____________________
direction.
20. Birds have _________ -- __________________ hearts. A bird's heart has two
separate atriums and two separate _______________________________.
21. Using figure 31-16 trace the path of blood through a bird's heart
right atrium > _______________ >to lungs > left atrium >____________________
> __________________
22. Briefly describe the function for each part of the brain:
a. cerebrum - _____________________________________________________________
b. cerebellum - _____________________________________________________________
c. medulla oblongata - _______________________________________________________
d. optic lobes - _____________________________________________________________
e. olfactory lobes - __________________________________________________________
23. Some birds cannot fly. Give two examples listed in the book. ________________________
24. In flying birds, many large bones are fused together such as the ____________________.
25. Birds' large chest muscles attach to a long _______________________ that
runs down the front of an enlarged breastbone, or ________________________________.
26. Birds have [internal/external] fertilization.
27. Birds' eggs are _____________________________________ eggs.
28. Most birds _________________________________________ their eggs.
29. The largest order of birds is the __________________________________ or
perching birds.
30. Diversity in Birds (Fig 31-19)
a. Which group of birds has webbed feet? _________________________
b. Name two types of wading birds: _____________________________________
c. What type of birds use their feet to hold food? _____________________________
d. Birds of prey are also called ______________________________
e. Give an example of a cavity-nesting bird: ________________________________
31. Many birds ______________________________________ for long distances.
32. Migrating birds use stars as their guides [true/false].
33. Why is Rachel Carson important enough to be mentioned in this textbook?
__________________________________________________________________________________
33. Use Fig 31-14 to label the chicken
