AP Biology Unit 2: Cell Biology

Essential Questions: Chapter 4 & 5

1. How was the cell theory established?

2. How do prokaryote cells differ from eukaryotes cells?

3. How do cells build and export materials?

4. How does a cell move and maintain its shape?

5. How does the membrane help the cell maintain homeostasis?

6. How do materials move in and out of the cell?

7. What is the difference between active and passive transport?

8. How can problems with cell structures lead to disease states in an organism?

9. How do cells communicate?

Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function

Describe the scientists/observations that resulted in the cell theory.
Describe/label a prokaryote cell
Describe / label a eukaryote cell
Explain why cells are limited in size
Describe the structure of the nucleus
Describe how cell structures are directly related to function.
Describe diseases that are related to defective organelles.
Explain how the endomembrane system works to export materials from the cell
Describe evidence that supports the Endosymbiosis Theory
Compare a plant cell to an animal cell, listing specific structures that are found in each
Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis and export.

Chapter 5: Cell Membrane Structure

Describe the phospholipid bilayer, including the various proteins and carbohydrates that are embedded within it

Describe how the membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable)
Explain how diffusion moves some materials across the membrane, explain what is meant by a concentration gradient
Describe the types of passive transport
Explain osmosis, with regard to tonicity
Describe what happens to a plant cell placed in salt water
Explain how cells can regulate the amount of water within the cell
List the different types of active transport
Explain how the sodium potassium pump works
Describe the types of bulk transport (endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis)
Be able to label diagrams showing the various types of transport
Discuss the role of membrane proteins and receptors in causing diseases like Cystic Fibrosis (see Case Study)

Explain how water potential and molarity affects the movement of water into the cell (see Lab on Diffusion)