Study Guide: Blood

Also available as a Google Doc | Blood Unit Materials available at biologycorner.com

Essential Question: How does blood maintain homeostasis?

1. Describe Ian's case (beta thalassemia) and understand the underlying causes of the diagnosis.

• hypochromia
• splenomegaly
• Cooley's anemia
• Genetics

2. Describe a blood sample (hematocrit). Explain how hematocrit can be used to diagnose disorders (leukemia, anemia)

3. Describe and name the three types of blood cells. (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes). Compare normal blood to those with beta thalassemia and sickle cell.  

4. Describe the shape and size of red blood cells. Understand the role of hemoglobin in the function of red blood cells.

5. Apply genetic principles to blood disorders.

• How can a mutation change the shape and function of blood?
• How are disorders inherited (dominant, recessive, sex-linked)?
• Compare recessive disorders to sex-linked disorders (identify diseases)
• Be able to complete a Punnett square

6. Explain the role of EPO (erythropoietin) in hematopoiesis (blood formation) and how feedback loops are involved in maintaining blood cell percentages.

7. Illustrate the relationship between veins, arteries, capillaries with regard to oxygen in the blood.

 

8. Describe Isla's case (leukemia) and understand the underlying causes of the diagnosis

• oncology and diagnosis
• complete blood count (CBC)
• role of white blood cells in maintaining homeostasis
• symptoms of the disease
• types of treatment and prognosis

9. Identify the different types of leukocytes and explain their function.

10. Define specific terms related to leukocytes

• histamines
• heparin
• phagocytes
• monocytes
• dendritic cells
• lymphocytes
• antibodies / antigens

11. Examine CBC data to determine diagnosis (see Case Study)

12. Discuss viral diseases that affect the blood (HIV, Mononucleosis)

13. Describe treatments and outcomes for children diagnosed with ALL (leukemia).

14. Explain the role of platelets in hemostasis and list the key events in the process and the role of plasma proteins.

15. Describe hemophilia and predict outcomes of crosses (Punnett squares).

16. Discuss blood donations. How does it work? Why is blood needed?

17. Explain why type O negative blood is called the "universal donor." This includes the role of antigens on the surface of blood cells.

18. Apply genetics to blood types (AA x AO).

19. Discuss the RH factor and why it can be problematic for pregnancy.

20. Be able to identify a blood type for a typical blood test using an eldoncard. (We did this lab in class.)