Review Guide: Respiratory System

1. Microorganisms that are removed by mucus are destroyed by the _stomach __
2. How can you change the pitch of the sound in the vocal cords? change shape of glottis
3. What causes altitude sickness? __lack of oxygen___
4. What is a deviated septum? _____crooked nose______
5. The area located behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and the larynx is the ___pharynx____
6. What happens when the diaphragm is lowered? _inhalation_
7. What is the function of the hyaline cartilage of the trachea? _keeps airway open_
8. What protein combines with oxygen in the blood (for transport)? _ hemoglobin_

9. What is the function of the nasal conchae? __filter, warm air___
10. What is the triangular slit that opens and closes during talking called? _glottis_
11. Where is the respiratory center located? __medulla, pons_____
12. What structure resembles a bunch of grapes? _alveoli____
13. What is the function of the mucus membrane that lines the nasal cavities? _filters_
14. The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the _resting tidal volume
15. What is the main force for pushing air out of the lungs? __elastic recoil___
16. Name bone of the skull does NOT have a sinus? __temporal, occipital_____
17. What is the Adam's Apple? __cartilage_______
18. How does oxygen enter blood capillaries? __diffusion_________
19. Oxygen travels from the pharynx to the _____trachea________ to the _bronchi___________
and finally to the ___alveoi__________ where oxygen is exchanged with the bloodstream.
20. Why is the first breath of a newborn the most difficult? _____aleoli collapsed, no surfactant____________
21. How many lobes are in the right lung? ___3_____ The left lung? ____2_____
22. What happens to your respiration rate with the level of CO2 rises? ____increases_________
23. What tool would be used to measure "vital capacity"? _______spirometer___________
24. What is hypoxia? ____low oxygen levels in the blood____ What is asphyxia? __oxygen deprivation___
25. The respiratory membrane (at the alveoli) is made of what type of cells? __simple squamous____
26. What is the function(s) of the respiratory system? ___gas exchange, vocalizations________

27. Name the organs of the upper respiratory tract? ________nasal cavity, pharynx,__________
lower respiratory tract? ________lungs, bronchi________________________
28. In what body cavity are the lungs located? _____pleural__________
29. The taking in of air is called ______inspiration (inhalation)_____________
30. What structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing? __epiglottis___
31. What fluid lubricates the lungs? _____serous__________
32. Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus? __behind (or to the side)____
33. What is the main vessel the sends deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? pulmonary artery_
34. Name a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system: ___cystic fibrosis____
35. What is internal respiration? ____exchange in body tissues_____________
external respiration? ______exchange between air and lungs_____________________________
What is cellular respiration? ___using oxygen to create ATP__________ Where does it occur? mitochondria

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Related: Label the Structures of the Respiratory System