Understanding Evolution - The Arthropod Story
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/the-arthropod-story/
1. List the five main groups of arthropods.
2. Sheer Numbers …
a) How many insects exist for every human? ________
b) If all the ants on the earth formed a chain, how many times could the
earth be circled? ____
c) What are the most abundant animals in the ocean? _______________
3. Habitat and Distribution
a) What arthropod lives more than a mile below the ocean? ___________
b) Where does the largest centipede species live? _________________
c) What arthropod lives at high altitudes? _____________________
d) What arthropod can withstand heats of over 140 º? ________________
4. Ecological Niches
a) What type of arthropod is a farmer? ______________________________
b) Where does the parasitic arthropod Cymothoa exigua live? _____________
c) What type of arthropod cleans fish scales of parasites? ________________
5. Arthropods: A Success Story: Name one reason why arthropods are considered successful.
6. Inherited Characteristics: List the five inherited characteristic of arthropods.
7. a) Describe bilateral symmetry. ________________________________
b) Check those that are bilaterally symmetrical. ___ millipede ____jellyfish _____scorpion
8. a) Segments are grouped into larger sets, such as the abdomen and the ______________
b) Check those that are segmented. ___onychophoran ____ mouse ___jellyfish ____moth
9. a) What substance is the exoskeleton made from? _________________________
b) Check those with an exoskeleton ____ mouse _____moth _____ jellyfish _____millipede
10. a) Support Systems.
Name the three types of support systems found in the animal kingdom.
b) Which one is possessed by humans? __________________________________
c) What kind of skeleton does an earthworm have? __________________________
11. Jointed Legs
a) What does the word "arthropod"
mean? ____________________________________
b) Check those that have jointed appendages.
____millipede ___ moth ____ onychophoran ___ mouse ____ jellyfish
12. a) Name five ways in which limbs can be specialized.
b) Which have many pairs of limbs? ____ mouse ___ moth ____ millipede_____scorpion
13. Based on these data, check all of the following animals that are arthropods.
scorpion
moth
14. A Closer Look at the Arthropod Branches
a) How many body parts do insects have? _______ How many pairs of legs
_______
b) How many body parts do chelicerates
have? ____ How many pairs of legs _____Do chelicerates have antenna? ____
c) Do crustaceans have antenna?
_________ Give two examples of crustaceans. _________________
d) Give two examples of myriapods:
___________________________________________
e) Name the 3 lobes of the trilobite body: ________________________________________
15. Meet the Cambrian Critters a) How long ago was the
Cambrian period?____________________
b) What is the "Cambrian Explosion" _____________________________________________
16. Sanctacaris
a) Nickname __________________________
b) Is it part of the arthropod lineage? ________________________
c) Sanctacaris added as a branch to what part of the tree ___________________________
17. Opabinia
a) How did it acquire food? _________________________
b) Is it part of the arthropod lineage? ________________________
c) Opabinia lacks what namesake trait of arthropods? _____________________________
18. Pikaia
a) Is it part of the arthropod lineage? ________________________
b) Pikaia was probably what type of animal? __________________________
19. Hallucigenia
a) Is it part of the arthropod lineage? ________________________
b) Hallucigenia added as a branch to what part of the tree ___________________________
20. Naraoia
a) Is it part of the arthropod lineage? ________________________
b Naraoia added as a branch to what part of the tree ___________________________
21.Tools for Success Crustaceans: Living Toolboxes. For each tool, name the arthropod that has a similar appendage.
Crowbar _____________________________________
Paddle _____________________________________
Broom _____________________________________
Leaf blower _____________________________________
Clamp _____________________________________
Sledgehammer _____________________________________
22. Arthropod Adaptability - Describe two ways the legs of arthropods are adapted for different purposes.
26. Sidetrip: Extreme adaptations: Eating with your feet. Sketch the head of an insect and label the mouthparts
27. a) What is an evolutionary
constraint?_____________________________________________
b) What are three constraints on arthropods? ____________________________________________
28. Why does molting limit an arthropod's size? ____________________________________________
29. How does strength limit the arthropod's size? ____________________________________________
30. a) How do insects get oxygen? ______________________________________________________
b) How does this limit their size? _____________________________________________________